VACCINES:
• Vaccines are designed to protect against serious illnesses ranging from polio and tetanus to measles, mumps, and the seasonal flu. Many people consider them the most important part of well-child checkups.
IPD (INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE)
• Invasive Pneumococcal Disease or IPD is the major leading cause of illness and death among children. These include life-threatening types like meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis. There’s also Otitis Media, more commonly known as middle ear infection.
• Children 0 to 2 years of age are at highest risk for invasive pneumococcal disease, but children up to 5 years of age are also at risk. It can now be prevented through vaccination.
AOM (ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA
• Acute Otitis Media (AOM) or more commonly known as “LUGA” is an inflammation of the middle ear.AOM can be very serious causing inflammation in the brain leading to more devastating consequences like speech difficulties and learning disabilities.
• This can now be prevented through vaccination.
INTERESTING FACTs about Pneumococcal disease and Otitis Media
PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE
1) More than 1.5 million children die from pneumonia each year
2) 4,300 young lives lost every day worldwide because of pneumonia
3) One child dies from pneumonia every 20 seconds worldwide.
4) The Philippines is in the top ten globally among number of pneumococcal diseases cases in children less than 5 years.
5) Pneumonia is the number 1 cause of deaths among Filipino children.
6) 37 Filipino children die every day due to pneumonia.
7) 1 out of 3 children diagnosed with IPD dies.
8) 35% of H. influenzae pneumonia cases in Filipino children are actually caused by the non-typeable strain
OTITIS MEDIA
9) 8th: Otitis Media is ranked the 8th leading ailments among Filipino children.
10) Up to 40% of Otitis Media is caused by NTHi (Non-Typeable Haemophilus Influenzae).
11) 3 out of 4 children will have had at least one episode of AOM before they reach the age of 3.
12) 1 out of 2 Filipino children suffering from rhinitis also have a concomitant otitis media
13) 25% of Filipino children with pneumonia also have otitis media
14) P5.7B cost to treat the pediatric population suffering from AOM in a single year in the Philippines
15) Hearing Loss is a common complication of Otitis Media that likewise imposes a significant medical, social, & educational burden.
References:
• http://www.preventpneumo.org/diseases/pneumococcal_diseases/index.cfm
• Zangwill KM et al. J Infect Dis. 1996;174:752-759.
• Santos J et al. “Active Hospital-based Epidemiological Surveillance of IPD in Children in Metro Manila, Philippines” poster presented at the 2010 ISPPD, Tel-Aviv, Israel
• Shann F. THE LANCET • Vol 354 • October 30, 1999
• Lucero MG and the ARIVAC Consortium. Poster presented at the 2010 ISPPD, Tel-Aviv, Israel
• Leibovitz. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007; 26: S8–S11; 2. Eskola et al. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 403–409; 3. Gehanno et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001; 20: 570–3; 4. Prymula et al. Lancet 2006; 367: 740–4; 5. del Castillo et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996; 15: 541–3; 6. Rosenblut et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001; 20: 501–07; 7. Guevara et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008; 27: 12–6; 8. Suzuki et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005; 24: 655–7; 9. Block et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004; 23: 829–33.
• Foxwell Micobiol. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 1998; 62: 294−308;
• Murphy T, Curr Opin Infect Dis, 2003; 3. Heath Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2001
• Rovers MM Lancet 2004 363: 465-473; Prevention of Deafness & Hearing Impairment
• WHO/CIBA Foundation Workshop London 19-21 November 1996
• Capra AM et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19(4):354-355; Greenberg D et al. Eur J Pediatr 2003; 162(9):576 581; 2. Brouwer CNM et al. Clin otolaryngol 2005; 30(3): 258-265; 3. Bellussi LM et al. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2005:25:359-364; Marcy M Management of acute otitis media.
Evidence report/technology assessment No. 15. Rockville, MD AHRQ Publication 01-E010; Koskinen H Cost effectiveness of implementing national guidelines in treatment of AOM in children. Intl J Tech in Health Care 22(4), 454-459 2006; Constenla D Evaluating the cost of pneumococcal disease in selected Latin American countries. Pan American J Public Health 22 (4), 268-278 2007
• A Opulencia et al. UERM Journal of Medicine 1995
• Philippine Health Statistics 2000, DOH
• 2009 FHSIS Book
• Supplement to: Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2010; published online May 12. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60549-1.
• WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record, 23 Mar 2007
• Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine for childhood immunization –WHO position paper.
• 23 March 2007, 82ndyear. No 12, 2007, 82, 93-104. http://www.who.int/wer
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